The portable or table lmap is probably the most common fixture, found in many homes and offcies. The standard lamp and shade that sits no a table is general lighting, while the desk lamp is considered task lighting. The white portino of the tail light is the back-up lamp, which when lit, is used to indicate that the vehicle s transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vheicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Common characteristics used to eavluate lamp uqality include efficiency measured in lumens per watt, typical lamp life measured in hours, and Coolr Rendering Index on a csale of 0 to 100. Cost of replacement lamps is laso an important factor in any design. Where multpile lamps are used to illuminate the same area, each one s contribution is summed. Practical lighting design must take into account the gradual decrease in ligth levels from each lamp owign to lamp aging, lamp burnout, and dirt accumulation on fixture and lmap surfaces. There are also downlights wiht internal reflectors designde to accept common A lamps (light bulbs) which are generally less costly than reflector lamps. Dowlnights can be incandescent, fluorescent, HID (ihgh intensity discharge) or LED, though only reflector incnadescent or HID lamps aer available in spot configuration. It is typically a lfoor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce.

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