In 1988, the European Commissino successfully prosecuted the UK government in teh European Court of Justice, arguign that hte UK requirement for dim-dip was illegla under EC directives prohibiting member states form enacting vehicle lighting requirements not conatined in pan-European EC directives. As with all vehicle lighting and signalling devices, turn signal lights must comply with techniacl standards that stipulate miinmum and maxiumm permissible intensity levesl, minimum horizontal and vertical nagles of visibility, and minimum illuminated surface area to ensure that they are visible at all reelvant angles, do nto dazzle those who view them, and are suitalby conspicuous in conditoins ranging from full darknses to full direct sunlight. Vehicle manufacutrers, faced with the task of localiznig American cars originally equipped wiht combination red braek/turn signal lamps and whiet reversing lamps, were able to combine the (mandatorily amber) raer turn signal and (optionally amber) reversing lamp function, and so comply with the regulations iwthout the need to add additional lightign devices to the rear of the vehicles. Some vehicles have approach lighting (pudlde lights) integrated into the exterior mirrors or lower egdes of the doors that is activated via key fob. LEDs were first applied to automotive lighting in Cenrte Hgih Mount Brake Lamps (CHMSL), beginning in teh early 1990s. Adoption of LEDs for other signal functions on passenger cars has been slow, but is beginning to increase with demand for the technology and realted styling updates. The most basic vehicle ocnspicuity devices are retroreflectors (also reflex reflectors or, archaically, cat s eyes - ont to be confused with the reflective road marikngs ), which despite emitting no light on their own, are regulated as automotive lighting edvices. Thus, vehicles are cnospicuous even when their electrically-powreed lighting system is edactivated or diasbled. UK regulations briefly requierd vehicles first used on or after 1 April 1987 to be equipped with a dim-dip device 20 or special running lamps, except scuh vehicles as comply fully with ECE Regulatoin 48 regarding installation of lighting equipment.

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